The majority of people in the UK believe that sex work should be decriminalised, according to a new poll by Amnesty International UK. This shift in public sentiment reflects growing awareness of the realities faced by sex workers and the harms caused by criminalisation.
Sex work has become a more visible topic in mainstream discussions, thanks to the rise of platforms like OnlyFans and increased media coverage. However, while conversations about sex work are more common, they are often dominated by sensationalised stories rather than the voices of sex workers themselves. Misinformation and stigma persist, leaving those engaged in full-service sex work—physical, in-person encounters—largely excluded from these discussions.
Sex workers, human rights groups, and advocacy organisations have long argued that full decriminalisation would significantly improve safety and working conditions. Now, the public appears to agree. The new polling data reveals that 61% of UK adults support allowing two or more sex workers to work together legally, and 53% believe consensual adult sex work should be fully decriminalised.
The Current Legal Landscape
Under existing UK law, selling and buying sex is technically legal, but many surrounding activities are criminalised. Running a brothel, ‘causing or inciting prostitution,’ and soliciting sex in public are all offences. In practice, these laws force sex workers to choose between working safely—by teaming up for security—or staying within the law and working alone, which increases their vulnerability to violence.
“Our poll shows that the majority of the UK public wants the law to protect, not punish, sex workers,” says Chiara Capraro, Amnesty International UK’s Gender Justice programme director. “Most people enter sex work due to financial necessity. Austerity measures and the cost of living crisis are pushing more women into the industry, yet the law places them in harm’s way instead of offering support.”
Laura Watson, spokesperson for the English Collective of Prostitutes, echoes this sentiment. “Most of the women in our group are mothers working to support their children. We’re furious that we’re forced into this job by poverty and then criminalised for trying to survive.”
Women of colour and migrant sex workers face even harsher targeting. “Sex workers experience epidemic levels of rape and other violence but are too afraid to report it to the police for fear of arrest,” Watson adds.
The Dangerous Consequences of Criminalisation
A 2024 survey by the Women’s Support Project found that 90% of sex workers had experienced violence. Reports from National Ugly Mugs, a charity dedicated to ending violence against sex workers, show an alarming rise in attacks—from 166 cases in 2013 to nearly 1,000 in 2019. Yet in 2023, only 11% of sex workers who reported violence to National Ugly Mugs felt safe enough to go to the police.
A November 2024 study by University College London concluded that current policing practices around sex work in London “aren’t working for either the police or the policed.”
Criminal records linked to sex work also create barriers to leaving the industry. Many sex workers must continue working to pay off fines, and a ‘prostitute’s caution’ remains on their enhanced DBS check until they turn 100, limiting future employment prospects. Unlike other police cautions, this one doesn’t require an admission of guilt—officers can issue it based on ‘reasonable cause’ alone.
“It’s a vicious cycle,” says Audrey, a spokesperson for Decrim Now. “Criminalisation undermines sex workers’ rights and safety while they’re working and makes it harder for them to leave if they want to.”
Is Decriminalisation Possible?
Some UK politicians have proposed adopting the Nordic Model, which criminalises clients instead of sex workers. However, sex workers argue this approach increases danger by forcing their work into more secluded areas, further away from help. In France, where the Nordic Model is in effect, a 2019 report found that 63% of sex workers saw their quality of life worsen, and 42% faced more violence.
By contrast, countries like New Zealand and Belgium have demonstrated that decriminalisation is both feasible and beneficial. New Zealand fully decriminalised sex work in 2003, and Belgium followed suit in 2022. In December 2023, Belgium introduced world-first employment protections for sex workers, including sick pay, maternity leave, pensions, health insurance, and unemployment benefits.
If sex work were decriminalised in the UK, sex workers could also use employment laws to challenge unsafe working conditions. “We’ve already seen a sex worker in New Zealand win a sexual harassment case against her boss,” says Audrey. “That case proved that sex workers should have the same rights to refuse harassment as any other worker.”
“We know the law can change,” adds Megan Isaac, another spokesperson for Decrim Now. “It’s time for politicians to listen to public opinion and act to decriminalise sex work in the UK, ensuring safety, dignity, and human rights for sex workers.”
Amnesty International UK is calling for decriminalisation alongside sex worker-led organisations like Decrim Now, the English Collective of Prostitutes, SWARM (Sex Workers’ Advocacy and Resistance Movement), and National Ugly Mugs. International bodies, including the United Nations and the World Health Organisation, also support decriminalisation.
If you want to join the movement, you can write to your MP using Decrim Now’s email tool or explore other ways to support sex workers here.